Professor Michael A O Lewis

Professor of Oral Medicine & Director of Recruitment and Admissions

School of Dentistry

: lewismao@cardiff.ac.uk
: +44 (0)29 2074 2541
: Room 5.13, University Dental Hospital, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XY

Research Theme

Applied Clinical Research & Public Health

Research Group

Microbial Effects on Tissue Function, and Tissue Repair and Remodelling

Research Interests

Antimicrobial agents

Antimicrobial resistance

Acute dental infection

Candidosis

Herpes simplex infections

Infection control

Selected Projects

A preference trial to investigate patient perception with a commercially available wound care product on the lesion caused by recurrent herpes labialis.

A multicentre double blind active controlled parallel study comparing the efficacy and safety of aciclovir 5% and lignocaine 2% to aciclovir 5% alone in subjects with herpes labialis

A randomised, double blind, single dose, one day early administration, multicentre study comparing the efficacy and safety of acyclovir Lauriad 50 mg muco-adhesive buccal tablet to matching placebo in the treatment of herpes labialis.

UK national susceptibility survey of dental pathogens.

Multiple Mini Interview

Explore our Open Day information on the multiple-mini interview.

Career Profile

University Education

October 1975 - June 1979: University of Dundee

Academic Qualifications

BDS - Bachelor of Dental Surgery,

University of Dundee, 1979

FDSRCPS - Fellowship in Dental Surgery,

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 1983

PhD - Doctor of Philosophy,

University of Glasgow, 1987

FDSRCS - Fellowship in Dental Surgery (awarded without examination),

Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1996

FDSRCS $acirc; Fellowship in Dental Surgery (ad eundum)

Royal College of Surgeons of England, 2002

FRCPath, - Fellowship of the Royal College of Pathologists (based on published works)

Royal College of Pathologists, 2002

Specialist Training

Certificate of Accreditation in Oral Medicine

Specialist Advisory Committee in Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine

Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, 1991

Registered as Specialist in Oral Medicine

General Dental Council, 1999

Teaching

Member of the Institute of Learning and Teaching, 2001.

Fellowship of the Higher Education Academy, 2007.

House Officer: July 1979 - June 1980

Departments of Oral Surgery and Conservative Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital

Senior House Officer:

July 1980 - June 1981

Department of Periodontology, Dundee Dental Hospital

Registrar:

July 1981 - September 1983

Department of Oral Surgery, Dundee Dental Hospital

Research Fellow / Honorary Registrar:

October 1983 - September 1986

Department of Oral Surgery, University of Glasgow / Greater Glasgow Health Board

Lecturer / Honorary Senior Registrar:

October 1986 - July 1992

Department of Oral Medicine and Pathology, University of Glasgow / Greater Glasgow Health Board

Lecturer / Honorary Clinical Associate:

August 1992 - July 1993

Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine / South Glamorgan Health Authority

Senior Lecturer / Honorary Consultant:

August 1993 - February 1998

Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine / University Dental Hospital NHS Trust

Reader / Honorary Consultant:

March 1998; November 2000

Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology, University of Wales College of Medicine / Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust

Professor / Honorary Consultant:

December 2000 $acirc; Present

Department of Oral Surgery, Medicine and Pathology, Cardiff University / Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust

Memberships / External Activities

At present, I am;

Dean-elect of the Dental Faculty of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
Immediate-past President of the British Society for Oral Medicine.
Member of the Advisory Council for Misuse of Drugs (Home Office)
Member of the Specialist Advisory Committee for Antimicrobial Resistance (Department of Health)
Member of the Wales Office of Research and Development for Health and Social Care Committee
Hospital Tutor for the Second Year General Professional Training Scheme in Wales.
Member of William J Giels Award Committee IADR (2006-2008)

I have served as

Chairman of the Specialist Advisory Committee in the Additional Dental Specialties (2004-2007).
Member of the NICE Guideline Development Group for Dental Recall (2002 -2005).
Chair of the Organisation Committee for the inaugural meeting of Pan European Federation of IADR. (2002)
Member of Hatton Award Committee of IADR (2001-2004)
Chairman of Pre-doctoral Hatton Award Committee (2004).
Member-at-Large, Oral Medicine and Pathology Group, IADR. (2002 - 2003)
Chief Reviewer, Orofacial Pain Group, World Workshop in Oral Medicine, (2006)
Associate Editor, Journal of Medical Microbiology (2000-2003).
Member of the Editorial Board, British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (2001-2005)

Teaching Profile

I served as Sub-Dean of Dentistry (Clinical Studies) from February 2001 to December 2003. This post had a number of responsibilities related to the pastoral care of the undergraduate dental students. In addition to providing day-to-day support to students who find themselves in difficulty, the Sub-Dean administers the Academic Staff Committee and Personal Tutoring Scheme.

Teaching Responsibilities

I co-ordinate and / or provide teaching on the following aspects of the BDS undergraduate curriculum;

Oral Medicine.
Oral Microbiology.
Human Diseases.
Control and Prevention of Infection.

I am the Theme Leader for the Human Diseases (including microbiology, pathology, surgery, medicine and pharmacology) component of the undergraduate dental curriculum.

I was the Divisional representative on the Dental Academic Quality and Audit Committee which facilitated all aspects of the course, teaching and student appraisal within the Dental School. The School was awarded the highest grade (excellent) in the Teaching Quality Assessment in December 1997.

In addition, I provide teaching on the following postgraduate courses;

Diploma in Postgraduate Dentistry.
Diploma in Dermatology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University.

I served as the external examiner for;

Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Final BDS, at the Dental School, University of Glasgow in 1997.

Anaesthetics and Therapeutics, 4^th BDS, at the Dental School, University of Glasgow. (1998 $acirc; 2002).

Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Final BDS, at the University of Newcastle (2003 $acirc; 2005).

BDS IV, Prince Philip Dental School, Hong Kong (2005 -2007).

Diploma in Clinical Dental Science, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London (2004 $acirc; 2007).

Oral Pathology and Microbiology, 4^th BDS at the University of Glasgow in 2007

Awards / Prizes

TC White Research Prize, 1988, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow

Supervisor of David W Williams, winner of the 1996 BSDR Colgate Prize.

Supervisor of David W Williams, winner of the 1997 Pre-doctoral IADR Hatton Award.

2021

Mark, E. P., Lewis, M. A., Graziani, F., Atlas, B. and Utsch, J. 2021. Droplet sizes emitted from demonstration electric toothbrushes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(5), article number: 2320. (10.3390/ijerph18052320)

2019

Williams, A. et al. 2019. Immunohistochemical expression patterns of inflammatory cells involved in Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis. Pathogens 8(4), article number: 232. (10.3390/pathogens8040232)
Morse, D. J. et al. 2019. Molecular community profiling of the bacterial microbiota associated with denture-related stomatitis. Scientific Reports 9, article number: 10228. (10.1038/s41598-019-46494-0)
Lins, R. X., Hirata, R., Wilson, M., Lewis, M. A. O., Fidel, R. A. S. and Williams, D. 2019. Comparison of genotypes, antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles of oral and non oral Enterococcus faecalis from Brazil, Japan and the United Kingdom. Journal of dentistry 84, pp. 49-54. (10.1016/j.jdent.2019.03.002)
Morse, D., Wilson, M., Wei, X. q., Bradshaw, D., Lewis, M. and Williams, D. 2019. Modulation of Candida albicans virulence in in vitro biofilms by oral bacteria. Letters in Applied Microbiology 68(4), pp. 337-343. (10.1111/lam.13145)

2018

Lewis, M. A. O. 2018. Mouth cancer: presentation, detection and referral in primary dental care. British Dental Journal 225(9), pp. 833. (10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.931)
Lewis, M. A. O. 2018. Mouth cancer - what's it to you?. British Dental Journal 225(9), pp. 789. (10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.980)
Morse, D., Wilson, M., Wei, X., Lewis, M. A. O., Bradshaw, D. J., Murdoch, C. and Williams, D. 2018. Denture-associated biofilm infection in 3-dimensional 1 oral mucosal tissue models. Journal of Medical Microbiology 67(3), pp. 364-375. (10.1099/jmm.0.000677)

2013

Rogers, H. et al. 2013. Immune response and candidal colonisation in denture associated stomatitis. Journal of Clinical & Cellular Immunology 4(6), article number: 178. (10.4172/2155-9899.1000178)
Sands, K. M., Williams, D. W., Wilson, M. J., Lewis, M. A. O. and Wise, M. P. 2013. The dynamics of polymicrobial biofilms [Letter]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 188(10), pp. 1266. (10.1164/rccm.201305-0916LE)
Williams, D. W., Jordan, R. P. C., Wei, X., Alves, C. T., Wise, M. P., Wilson, M. J. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2013. Interactions of Candida albicans with host epithelial surfaces. Journal of Oral Microbiology 5, article number: 22434. (10.3402/jom.v5i0.22434)
Zheng, X. F. et al. 2013. Lipopolysaccharide-induced M2 to M1 macrophage transformation for IL-12p70 production is blocked by Candida albicans mediated up-regulation of EBI3 expression. PLoS ONE 8(5), article number: e63967. (10.1371/journal.pone.0063967)
Rogers, H., Williams, D. W., Feng, G. J., Lewis, M. A. O. and Wei, X. 2013. Role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in enhancing host immune response to Candida albicans. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2013, article number: 320168. (10.1155/2013/320168)
Malic, S., Emanuel, C., Lewis, M. A. O. and Williams, D. W. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of novel mouthrinses against planktonic cells and biofilms of pathogenic microorganisms. Microbiology Discovery 1, article number: 11. (10.7243/2052-6180-1-11)
Waddington, R. J., Landrygan-Bakri, J., Wilson, M., Williams, D. W. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2013. Impact of bidirectional relationships between streptococcus anginosus group and host tissue matrix components on cellular activity: Role in establishment of infection. Microbiology Discovery 1(1), pp. 4-15. (10.7243/2052-6180-1-4)

2012

Landrygan-Bakri, J., Wilson, M. J., Williams, D. W., Lewis, M. A. O. and Waddington, R. J. 2012. Real-time monitoring of adherence of Streptococcus anginosus group bacteria to extracellular matrix decorin and biglycan proteoglycans in biofilm formation. Research in Microbiology 163(6-7), pp. 436-447. (10.1016/j.resmic.2012.07.006)
Bailey, S. E., Wilson, M., Griffiths, R., Bullock, A. D., Cowpe, J., Newcombe, R. G. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2012. Continuing dental education: evaluation of the effectiveness of a disinfection and decontamination course. European Journal of Dental Education 16(1), pp. 59-64. (10.1111/j.1600-0579.2011.00721.x)

2011

Marino, P., Williams, D. W., Lewis, M. A. O., Wise, M., Frost, P. J. and Thomas, J. 2011. Effects of oral microbes on biofilm formation by respiratory pathogens. Presented at: 2011 IADR/AADR/CADR General Session, San Diego, CA, USA, 19 March 2011.
Williams, D. W., Chamary, N., Lewis, M. A. O., Milward, P. J. and McAndrew, R. 2011. Microbial contamination of removable prosthodontic appliances from laboratories and impact of clinical storage. British Dental Journal 211(4), pp. 163-166. (10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.675)
Williams, D. W. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2011. Pathogenesis and treatment of oral candidosis. Journal of Oral Microbiology 3 (10.3402/jom.v3i0.5771)
Wei, X., Rogers, H., Lewis, M. A. O. and Williams, D. W. 2011. The Role of the IL-12 Cytokine Family in Directing T-Cell Responses in Oral Candidosis. Clinical & Developmental Immunology, article number: 697340. (10.1155/2011/697340)
Williams, D. W., Kuriyama, T., Silva, S., Malic, S. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2011. Candida biofilms and oral candidosis: Treatment and prevention. Periodontology 2000 55(1), pp. 250-265. (10.1111/j.1600-0757.2009.00338.x)
Cairns, S. et al. 2011. Molecular analysis of microbial communities in endotracheal tube biofilms. PLoS ONE 6(3) (10.1371/journal.pone.0014759)
Hooper, S. J., Lewis, M. A. O., Wilson, M. J. and Williams, D. W. 2011. Antimicrobial activity of Citrox (R) bioflavonoid preparations against oral microorganisms. British Dental Journal 210(1) (10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.1224)
Williams, D. W., Marino, P. J., Thomas, J. G. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2011. The role of human oral microflora in ventilator- associated pneumonia. Annual Clinical Journal of Dental Health 1, pp. 16-21.

2010

Wise, M. P., Williams, D. W., Lewis, M. A. O. and Frost, P. J. 2010. Macrolides and community-acquired pneumonia: is quorum sensing the key?. Critical care (London, England) 14(4), article number: 181. (10.1186/cc9084)
Hallier, C., Williams, D. W., Potts, A. J. C. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2010. A pilot study of bioaerosol reduction using an air cleaning system during dental procedures. British Dental Journal 209(8), article number: E14. (10.1038/sj.bdj.2010.975)

2009

Gross, G., Harding, K., Karlsmark, T., Kirsner, R. S., Lewis, M. A. O., Nikkels, A. and Schechter, L. N. 2009. How to manage recurrent orofacial herpes simplex virus-1 lesions. Pharmaceutical Journal 283(7565), pp. 187-190.
Lewis, M. A. O. 2009. The mouth as a window on the body. Journal of Dentistry 37(8), pp. S571-S573. (10.1016/j.jdent.2009.05.017)
Marsh, P. D., Martin, M. V., Williams, D. W. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2009. Oral microbiology. 5th ed.. London: Churchill Livingstone.

2008

Wise, M. P., Williams, D. W., Lewis, M. A. O., Thomas, J. G. and Frost, P. J. 2008. Impact of poor dental health on pneumonia. European Respiratory Journal 32(4), pp. 1123-1124. (10.1183/09031936.00096808)
Cairns, S. et al. 2008. Characterisation of biofilms within medical devices [Abstract]. Wound Repair and Regeneration 16(6), pp. A70. (10.1111/j.1524-475X.2008.00424.x)
Bartie, K. L., Devine, D. A., Wilson, M. J. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2008. In vitro susceptibility of the Streptococcus milleri group to antimicrobial peptides. International Endodontic Journal 41(7), pp. 586-592. (10.1111/j.1365-2591.2008.01404.x)
Collard, M. M., Hunter, M. L., Motley, R. J. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2008. Dermatitis artefacta of the lip in an adolescent. Dental update 35(5), pp. 339-340, 343.
Wise, M. P., Cole, J. M., Williams, D. W., Lewis, M. A. O. and Frost, P. J. 2008. Efficacy of oral chlorhexidine in critical care [Letter]. Critical Care 12(3) (10.1186/cc6886)
Lewis, M. A. O. 2008. Why we must reduce dental prescription of antibiotics: European Union Antibiotic Awareness Day. British Dental Journal 205(10), pp. 537-538. (10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.984)

2007

Hooper, S. J., Crean, S. V., Fardy, M. J., Lewis, M. A. O., Spratt, D. A., Wade, W. G. and Wilson, M. J. 2007. A molecular analysis of the bacteria present within oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Journal of Medical Microbiology 56(12), pp. 1651-1659. (10.1099/jmm.0.46918-0)
Lewis, M. A. O., Yaqoob, N. A., Emanuel, C. and Potts, A. J. C. 2007. Successful treatment of oral linear IgA disease using mycophenolate. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology and Endodontology 103(4), pp. 483-486. (10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.09.019)

2006

Seager, J. M., Howell-Jones, R. S., Dunstan, F. D. J., Lewis, M. A. O., Richmond, S. and Thomas, D. W. 2006. A randomised controlled trial of clinical outreach education to rationalise antibiotic prescribing for acute dental pain in the primary care setting. British Dental Journal 201(4), pp. 217-222. (10.1038/sj.bdj.4813879)
Hooper, S. J., Crean, S. V., Lewis, M. A. O., Spratt, D. A., Wade, W. G. and Wilson, M. J. 2006. Viable bacteria present within oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue. Journal of clinical microbiology 44(5), pp. 1719-1725. (10.1128/JCM.44.5.1719-1725.2006)

2005

Kuriyama, T., Absi, E. G., Williams, D. W. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2005. An outcome audit of the treatment of acute dentoalveolar infection: impact of penicillin resistance. British Dental Journal 198(12), pp. 759-763. (10.1038/sj.bdj.4812415)
Price, C. L. et al. 2005. Reduced adherence of Candida to silane-treated silicone rubber. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials 74B(1), pp. 481-487. (10.1002/jbm.b.30226)
Kuriyama, T., Williams, D. W., Bagg, J., Coulter, W. A., Ready, D. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2005. In vitro susceptibility of oral Candida to seven antifungal agents. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 20(6), pp. 349-353. (10.1111/j.1399-302X.2005.00236.x)

2004

Bartie, K. L., Williams, D. W., Wilson, M., Potts, A. J. C. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2004. Differential invasion of Candida albicans isolates in an in vitro model of oral candidosis. Oral Microbiology And Immunolology 19(5), pp. 293-296. (10.1111/j.1399-302X.2004.00155.x)
White, P. L., Williams, D. W., Kuriyama, T., Samad, S. A., Lewis, M. A. O. and Barnes, R. A. 2004. Detection of Candida in concentrated oral rinse cultures by real-time PCR. Journal of clinical microbiology 42(5), pp. 2101-2107. (10.1128/JCM.42.5.2101-2107.2004)
Williams, D. W. et al. 2004. Sex determination by PCR analysis of DNA extracted from incinerated, deciduous teeth. Science & Justice 44(2), pp. 89-94. (10.1016/S1355-0306(04)71694-9)
Cross, L., Williams, D. W., Sweeney, C., Jackson, M., Lewis, M. A. O. and Bagg, J. 2004. Evaluation of the recurrence of denture stomatitis and Candida colonization in a small group of patients who received itraconazole. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 97(3), pp. 351-358. (10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.10.006)

2003

Kuriyama, T., Williams, D. W., Patel, M., Lewis, M. A. O., Jenkins, L. E., Hill, D. W. and Hosein, I. K. 2003. Molecular characterisation of clinical and environmental isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from a teaching hospital in Wales. Journal of Medical Microbiology 52(9), pp. 821-827. (10.1099/jmm.0.05123-0)
Kuriyama, T., Williams, D. W. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2003. In vitro secreted aspartyl proteinase activity of Candida albicans isolated from oral diseases and healthy oral cavities. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 18(6), pp. 405-407. (10.1046/j.0902-0055.2002.00100.x)

2002

Hill, K. E. et al. 2002. Heterogeneity within the gram-positive anaerobic cocci demonstrated by analysis of 16S-23S intergenic ribosomal RNA polymorphisms. Journal of Medical Microbiology 51(11), pp. 949-957.
Price, C., Waters, M. G. J., Williams, D. W., Lewis, M. A. O. and Stickler, D. J. 2002. Surface modification of an experimental silicone rubber aimed at reducing initial candidal adhesion. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 63(2), pp. 122-128. (10.1002/jbm.10094)

2001

Bartie, K. L., Williams, D. W., Wilson, M., Potts, A. J. C. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2001. PCR fingerprinting of Candida albicans associated with chronic hyperplastic candidosis and other oral conditions. Journal of clinical microbiology 39(11), pp. 4066-4075. (10.1128/JCM.39.11.4066-4075.2001)
Wilson, M., Williams, D. W., Forbes, M., Finlay, I. G. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2001. A molecular epidemiological study of sequential oral isolates of Candida albicans from terminally ill patients. Journal Of Oral Pathology & Medicine 30(4), pp. 206-212. (10.1034/j.1600-0714.2001.300403.x)
Williams, D. W., Bartie, K. L., Potts, A. J. C., Wilson, M., Fardy, M. J. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2001. Strain persistence of invasive Candida albicans in chronic hyperplastic candidosis that underwent malignant change. Gerodontology 18(2), pp. 73-78. (10.1111/j.1741-2358.2001.00073.x)
Williams, D. W., Coulter, W. A., Wilson, M., Potts, A. J. C. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2001. Identification of Candida dubliniensis, based on ribosomal DNA sequence analysis. British Journal of Biomedical Science 58(1), pp. 11-16.

2000

Bartie, K. L., Wilson, M., Williams, D. W. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2000. Macrorestriction fingerprinting of "Streptococcus milleri" group bacteria by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38(6), pp. 2141-2149.
Williams, D. W. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2000. Oral microbiology: isolation and identification of candida from the oral cavity. Oral Diseases 6(1), pp. 3-11. (10.1111/j.1601-0825.2000.tb00314.x)
Williams, D. W., Wilson, M., Potts, A. J. C. and Lewis, M. A. O. 2000. Phenotypic characterisation of Candida albicans isolated from chronic hyperplastic candidosis. Journal of Medical Microbiology 49(2), pp. 199-202.

1998

Williams, D. W., Waters, M. G. J., Potts, A. J. C. and Lewis, M. A. O. 1998. A novel technique for assessment of adherence of Candida albicans to solid surfaces. Journal of Clinical Pathology 51(5), pp. 390-391. (10.1136/jcp.51.5.390)
Williams, D. W., Jones, H. S., Allison, R. T., Potts, A. J. C. and Lewis, M. A. O. 1998. Immunocytochemical detection of Candida albicans in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded material. Journal of Clinical Pathology 51(11), pp. 857-859. (10.1136/jcp.51.11.857)

1997

Williams, D. W., Potts, A. J. C., Wilson, M., Matthews, J. B. and Lewis, M. A. O. 1997. Characterisation of the inflammatory cell infiltrate in chronic hyperplastic candidosis of the oral mucosa. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine 26(2), pp. 83-89. (10.1111/j.1600-0714.1997.tb00026.x)
Waters, M. G. J., Williams, D. W., Jagger, R. G. and Lewis, M. A. O. 1997. Adherence of Candida albicans to experimental denture soft lining materials. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 77(3), pp. 306-312. (10.1016/S0022-3913(97)70188-4)

1996

Williams, D. W., Wilson, M., Lewis, M. A. O. and Potts, A. J. C. 1996. Identification of Candida species in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded oral mucosa by sequencing of ribosomal DNA. Clinical Molecular Pathology 49, pp. M23-M28. (10.1136/mp.49.1.M23)

1995

Williams, D. W., Wilson, M., Lewis, M. A. O. and Potts, A. J. C. 1995. Identification of Candida species by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of intergenic spacer regions of ribosomal DNA. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33(9), pp. 2476-2479.

Research Projects

A clinical and microbiological study of facial lacerations.

The physical properties of casts prepared from impression materials treated with Nu-Cidex.

Molecular the identification of clinical isolates of Candida species.

Genetic identification of pathogenic factors related to the Streptococcus milleri group.

A randomised, controlled trial of clinical outreach education to rationalise antibiotic prescribing for dental conditions in the primary care setting. (Consortium grant with Dr D Thomas, Dr A Bevan, Prof S Richmond and others).

A study of the safety of topical Penciclovir in the treatment of herpes labialis in adolecence.

The role of Candida albicans in the development of chronic hyperplastic candidosis, mucosal dysplasia and oral cancer.

A pilot study of efficacy of aciclovir 5% combined with lignocaine 2% in the management of herpes labialis.

A multicentre double blind active controlled parallel study comparing the efficacy and safety of aciclovir 5% and lignocaine 2% to aciclovir 5% alone in subjects with herpes labialis. Principal investigator and Lead Clinician for 15 centre study.

An exploratory, observational cohort study investigating commercially available treatments which may reduce the scab stage of recurrent herpes labialis.