Professor Ronald Waters

Hon. Visiting Prof.

School of Engineering

: watersrt@cardiff.ac.uk
: 75904
: E/UG.08

Ron Waters is Emeritus Professor in the School, having retired from the Headship of the Electrical Engineering Division in September 1995. He continues to play an active research role in high voltage and power systems research at Cardiff and in national/international groups. His interest in high voltage design, measurement and insulation co-ordination dates back to a 9 year research career in industry. Over his long career at Cardiff his research teams have always given priority to active partnerships with industry and other research centres. Current examples of this are corona discharge modelling and insulator pollution, high voltage applications, overvoltage protection, insulation structures, lightning modelling, electrostatic precipitation and space charge simulation. The research has attracted continuous support, and the reputation of the group has been built upon extensive contributions to the literature (250 papers, four IEE and one IEEE premiums). As a result Professor Waters has given many invited lectures in Dresden, Brussels, Tokyo, London, Glasgow, Chamonix, Graz and Mexico. High voltage research at Cardiff now utilises a recently developed laboratory with modern test facilities largely established by external support. This is used not only for research work, but also for final-year projects and as a test facility for industry. He is a member of the recently formed Evaluation Panel of the EPSRC Electrical Engineering Programme. He was Chairman of the prestigious International Symposium of High Voltage Engineering held for the first time in the UK (IEE, London 1999).
Energy and Environment

2024

Albano, M., Waters, R. T., Slama, M. A. and Haddad, A. 2024. Online measurement of voltage gradient distortion and leakage current of heavily contaminated outdoor insulation using thermal imaging. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 31(2), pp. 988-996. (10.1109/TDEI.2023.3340985)
Waters, R. T., Haddad, M., Albano, M. and Michelarakis, M. 2024. The design of high-voltage coaxial transmission lines pressurised with pure nitrogen for testing to IEC standards. Presented at: 23rd International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (ISH 2023), Glasgow, UK, 28 August - 1 September 2023, Vol. 2023. Vol. 46. pp. 99-104., (10.1049/icp.2024.0434)

2022

Amine Slama, M. E., Haddad, A. M., Albano, M. and Waters, R. T. 2022. Effect of voltage and fog application on AC flashover characteristics of polymeric insulators under artificial clean fog test. Presented at: 22nd International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (ISH 2021), Xi'an, China, 21-26 November 2021, Vol. 2021. Vol. 15. pp. 2137-2142., (10.1049/icp.2022.0202)
Michelarakis, M., Clark, D., Widger, P., Beroual, A., Waters, R. and Haddad, A. 2022. Triple point surface discharge photography in atmospheric gases using Intensified high-speed camera system. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 29(1), pp. 153-161. (10.1109/TDEI.2022.3148481)

2021

Slama, M. E. A. et al. 2021. Monitoring of dry bands and discharge activities at the surface of textured insulators with AC clean fog test conditions. Energies 14(10), article number: 2914. (10.3390/en14102914)

2018

Waters, R. T. 2018. Electrical breakdown at high pressures: a Paschen law function and compressible gas dynamics. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 52(2), article number: 25203. (10.1088/1361-6463/aae815)

2016

Albano, M., Waters, R. T. and Haddad, A. 2016. Control of leakage-current and power dissipation by surface texturing of silicone rubber insulators. Presented at: Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2016), Toronto, Canada, 16-19 October 20162016 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), (10.1109/CEIDP.2016.7785656)
Albano, M., Waters, R. T., Charalampidis, P., Griffiths, H. and Haddad, A. 2016. Infrared analysis of dry-band flashover of silicone rubber insulators. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 23(1), pp. 304-310. (10.1109/TDEI.2015.005026)

2014

Albano, M., Charalampidis, P., Waters, R. T., Griffiths, H. and Haddad, A. 2014. Silicone rubber insulators for polluted environments part 2: textured insulators. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 21(2), pp. 749-757. (10.1109/TDEI.2013.004016)
Charalampidis, P., Albano, M., Griffiths, H., Haddad, A. and Waters, R. T. 2014. Silicone rubber insulators for polluted environments part 1: enhanced artificial pollution tests. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 21(2), pp. 740-748. (10.1109/TDEI.2013.004015)

2011

Waters, R. T., Haddad, A., Griffiths, H., Harid, N., Charalampidis, P. and Sarkar, P. 2011. Dry-band discharges on polluted silicone rubber insulation: control and characterization. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 18(6), pp. 1995-2003. (10.1109/TDEI.2011.6118637)
Charalampidis, P., Waters, R. T., Haddad, A., Griffiths, H., Harid, N. and Sarkar, P. 2011. Material tests for textured silicone rubber insulators. Presented at: International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering 17, 2011 Hannover, Hannover, Germany, 22-26 August 2011 Presented at Gockenbach, E. et al. eds.Book of abstract / ISH 2011 August, 22 - 26, 2011, Hannover, Germany. Berlin: VDE-Verl

2010

Waters, R. T., Haddad, A., Griffiths, H., Harid, N. and Sarkar, P. 2010. Partial-arc and spark models of the flashover of lightly polluted insulators. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (TDEI) 17(2), pp. 417-424. (10.1109/TDEI.2010.5448096)
Haddad, A., Waters, R. T., Griffiths, H., Chrzan, K., Harid, N., Sarkar, P. and Charalampidis, P. 2010. A new approach to anti-fog design for polymeric insulators. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (TDEI) 17(2), pp. 343-350. (10.1109/TDEI.2010.5448087)
Charalampidis, P., Haddad, A., Waters, R. T., Griffiths, H., Harid, N. and Sarkar, P. 2010. Five-electrode inclined plane tests of textured silicone rubber samples. Presented at: 45th International Universities Power Engineering Conference, Cardiff, UK, 31 August-3 September 20102010 45th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC 2010). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) pp. 311-315.
Sarkar, P., Haddad, A., Waters, R. T., Griffiths, H., Harid, N. and Charalampidis, P. 2010. Inclined-plane tests of textured silicone rubber samples. Presented at: International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application, New Orleans, LA, USA, 11-14 October 20102010 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE 2010). New York: IEEE pp. 532-535., (10.1109/ICHVE.2010.5640708)

2009

Waters, R. T., Haddad, A., Griffiths, H., Harid, N. and Sarkar, P. 2009. Dry-band breakdown of lightly polluted insulators. Presented at: 16th International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering, Cape Town, South Africa, 24-28 August 2009 Presented at Nixon, K. J. ed.Proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on High-Voltage Engineering ISH 2009, Cape Town, South Africa, August 24 - 28. South African Institute of Electrical Engineers pp. 1460-1465.

2005

Haddad, A., Waters, R. . T., German, D. M. and Abdul-Malek, Z. 2005. Current disparity in multi-column surge arresters. IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution 152(6), pp. 945-951. (10.1049/ip-gtd:20045051)

2002

Elayyan, H., Bouziane, A. and Waters, R. 2002. Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of a Pulsed ESP. Journal of Electrostatics 56(2), pp. 219-234. (10.1016/S0304-3886(02)00067-0)

2001

Haddad, A., German, D. M., Waters, R. T. and Abdul-Malek, Z. 2001. Co-ordination of spark-gap protection with zinc-oxide surge arresters. IEE Proceedings - Generation, Transmission and Distribution 148(1), pp. 21-28. (10.1049/ip-gtd:20010015)
Spellman, C. A., Young, H., Rowlands, A. R., Waters, R. T., Haddad, A. and Stone, R. 2001. Accelerated ageing of polymeric insulators. Presented at: 36th Universities’ Power Engineering Conference (UPEC 2001), Swansea, UK.

1998

Rosado, J., German, D. M. and Waters, R. 1998. Nanosecond Response of a ZnO Element in a Coaxial Line. Measurement Science and Technology 9(9), pp. 1620-1625. (10.1088/0957-0233/9/9/035)

1997

Bouziane, A., Taplamacioglu, C., Hidaka, K. and Waters, R. 1997. Non-Laplacian Ion Trajectories in Mutually Interacting Corona Discharges. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 30(13), pp. 1913-1921. (10.1088/0022-3727/30/13/013)
Harid, N., German, D. M. and Waters, R. 1997. Computer Aided Design of an Air Cored High Voltage Coil for Switching Impulse Tests. COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 16(2), pp. 60-70. (10.1108/03321649710172752)

1996

Rickard, D. A., Waters, R. and Harid, N. 1996. Modelling of Corona at a High-Voltage Conductor Under Double Exponential and Oscillatory Impulses. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 143(5), pp. 277-284. (10.1049/ip-smt:19960517)

1995

Haddad, A., German, D., Marley, W., Naylor, P., Waters, R., Metwally, A. and Tong, Y. 1995. Direct Voltage and Trapped Charge Effects on the Protective Characteristic of ZnO Surge Arresters. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 142(6), pp. 442-448. (10.1049/ip-smt:19952137)
Petrov, N. and Waters, R. 1995. Determination of the Striking Distance of Lightning to Earthed Structures. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 450(1940), pp. 589-601. (10.1098/rspa.1995.0102)
Haddad, A., Naylor, P., Metwally, I. A., German, D. and Waters, R. 1995. An Improved Non-Inductive Impulse Voltage Measurement Technique for ZnO Surge Arresters. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 10(2), pp. 778-785. (10.1109/61.400853)
Haddad, A., Naylor, P., German, D. M. and Waters, R. 1995. A Fast Transient Test Module for ZnO Surge Arresters. Measurement Science and Technology 6(5), pp. 560-570. (10.1088/0957-0233/6/5/017)

1994

Rickard, D. A., Elayyan, H. S. B., Waters, R. and Haddad, A. 1994. Corona Space Charge Development for Combined Alternating and Direct Voltage Excitation. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 141(6), pp. 441-448. (10.1049/ip-smt:19941341)
Bouziane, A., Rowlands, A., Jones, J., Hidaka, K., Tapiamacioglu, M. and Waters, R. 1994. Paraxial Corona Discharge. II. Simulation and Analysis. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 141(3), pp. 205-214. (10.1049/ip-smt:19949931)
Bouziane, A., Rowlands, A., Hidaka, K., Taplamacioglu, M., Waters, R. and Jones, J. 1994. Paraxial Corona Discharge. I. Review, Instrumentation and Experiments. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 141(3), pp. 197-204. (10.1049/ip-smt:19949930)
Bouziane, A., Hartmann, G., Taplamacioglu, M. C., Waters, R. and Hidaka, K. 1994. Linear-Geometry Electric-field Probe for DC Corona Measurements. IEE Proceedings - Science, Measurement and Technology 141(2), pp. 111-117. (10.1049/ip-smt:19941012)
Bouziane, A., Hidaka, K., Taplamacioglu, M. C. and Waters, R. 1994. Assessment of Corona Models Based on the Deutsch Approximation. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 27(2), pp. 320-329. (10.1088/0022-3727/27/2/021)

1993

Allibone, T. E., Jones, J. E., Saunderson, J. E., Taplamacioglu, M. and Waters, R. 1993. Spatial Characteristics of Electric Current and Field in Large Direct-Current Coronas. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 441(1911), pp. 125-146. (10.1098/rspa.1993.0051)
Haddad, A., Elayyan, H. . B., Ercan, B., German, D. M. and Waters, R. 1993. A Test Cell for Local Permittivity and Trapped Charge Measurements. Measurement Science and Technology 4(7), pp. 726-736. (10.1088/0957-0233/4/7/003)

1991

Rickard, D., Dupuy, J. and Waters, R. 1991. Verification of an Alternating Current Corona Model for use as a Current Transmission Line Design Aid. IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology 138(5), pp. 250-258. (10.1049/ip-a-3.1991.0036)
Haddad, A., Elayyan, H., German, D. and Waters, R. 1991. ZnO Surge Arrester Elements with Mixed Direct and 50 Hz Voltages. IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology 138(5), pp. 265-272. (10.1049/ip-a-3.1991.0038)
Harid, N. and Waters, R. 1991. Statistical Study of Impulse Corona Inception Parameters on Line Conductors. IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology 138(3), pp. 161-168. (10.1049/ip-a-3.1991.0022)

1990

Haddad, A., Fuentes-Rosado, J., German, D. and Waters, R. 1990. Characterisation of ZnO Surge Arrester Elements With Direct and Power Frequency Voltages. IEE Proceedings A (Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education) 137(5), pp. 269-279. (10.1049/ip-a-2.1990.0043)
Jones, J. E., Boulloud, A. and Waters, R. 1990. Dimensional Analysis of Corona Discharges: the Small Current Regime for Rod-Plane Geometry in Air. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 23(12), pp. 1652-1662. (10.1088/0022-3727/23/12/025)

1989

Al-Tai, M., Elayyan, H. B., German, D., Haddad, A., Harid, N. and Waters, R. 1989. The Simulation of Surge Corona on Transmission Lines. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 4(2), pp. 1360-1368. (10.1109/61.25623)

1988

Davies, A. J., Rowlands, A. R., Turri, R. and Waters, R. 1988. Statistical Analysis of Flashover Data Using a Generalised Likelihood Method. IEE Proceedings A Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews 135(1), pp. 79-87. (10.1049/ip-a-1.1988.0012)
Jones, J. E., Dupuy, J., Schreiber, G. and Waters, R. 1988. Boundary Conditions for the Positive Direct-Current Corona in a Coaxial System. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 21(2), pp. 322-333. (10.1088/0022-3727/21/2/012)

1987

Elayyan, H., Hartmann, G., Robledo-Martinez, A. and Waters, R. 1987. Charge Injection and Loss in AC Corona. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 410(1839), pp. 477-500. (10.1098/rspa.1987.0049)
Waters, R. T., Rowlands, A. R., Robledo-Martinez, A. and Jones, J. 1987. Discharges in long air gaps at Renardières. Electra -Cigre- 111, pp. 25-44.

1986

Waters, R. 1986. Double Impulse Tests of Long Airgaps. Part 1: Engineering Problems and Physical Processes: the Basis of Recent Tests. IEE Proceedings A Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews 133(7), pp. 395-409. (10.1049/ip-a-1.1986.0063)

1981

Waters, R. T. 1981. Breakdown in non uniform fields. IEE Proceedings A Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education, Reviews 128(4), pp. 319-328. (10.1049/ip-a-1.1981.0047)
Waters, R. T. 1981. Negative discharges in long air gaps at Les Renardières : 1978 results. Electra -Cigre- 74, pp. 67-216.

1980

Selim, E. O. and Waters, R. 1980. Static Probe for Electrostatic Field Measurement in the Presence of Space Charge. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications IA-16(3), pp. 458-463. (10.1109/TIA.1980.4503811)
Stark, W., Selim, E. O. and Waters, R. 1980. Field-Filter Probes and the Measurement of Alternating-Current Corona. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications IA-16(3), pp. 464-472. (10.1109/TIA.1980.4503812)

1979

Waters, R., Allibone, T. E., Dring, D. and Allen, N. 1979. The Structure of the Impulse Corona in a Rod/Plane Gap. II. The Negative Corona: Propagation and Streamer/Anode Interaction. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367(1730), pp. 321. (10.1098/rspa.1979.0091)
Waters, R. and Selim, E. O. 1979. Temporal space-charge field-changes at the cathode in negative polarity discharge. Le Journal de Physique Colloques 40(C7), pp. C7-245. (10.1051/jphyscol:19797120)

1978

Jones, B. and Waters, R. 1978. Air Insulation at Large Spacings. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 125(11R), pp. 1152-1176. (10.1049/piee.1978.0249)

1977

Waters, R. T. 1977. Positive discharges in long air gaps at Les Renardières. Electra -Cigre- 53, pp. 31-132.

1975

Waters, R. and Stark, W. B. 1975. Characteristics of the Stabilized Glow Discharge in Air. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 8(4), pp. 416-426. (10.1088/0022-3727/8/4/014)

1973

Waters, R. and Stark, W. B. 1973. Control of Corona and Sparkover of Coaxial Systems by Irradiation. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 120(4), pp. 519-522. (10.1049/piee.1973.0108)

1972

Waters, R., Rickard, T. and Stark, W. 1972. Direct Measurement of Electric Field at Line Conductors During A.C. Corona. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 119(6), pp. 717-723. (10.1049/piee.1972.0150)
Waters, R. 1972. A Cylindrical Electrostatic Fluxmeter for Corona Studies. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 5(5), pp. 475-477. (10.1088/0022-3735/5/5/032)

1970

Waters, R., Rickard, T. and Stark, W. 1970. The Structure of the Impulse Corona in a Rod/Plane Gap. I. The Positive Corona. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 315(1520), pp. 1-25. (10.1098/rspa.1970.0026)

1968

Waters, R., Rickard, T. and Stark, W. 1968. Electric Field and Current Density in the Impulse Corona Discharge in a Rod/Plane Gap. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 304(1477), pp. 187-210. (10.1098/rspa.1968.0081)

1965

Waters, R., Jones, R. and Bulcock, C. 1965. Influence of atmospheric ions on impulse corona discharge. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 112(7), pp. 1431-1438. (10.1049/piee.1965.0231)

1964

Jones, R. and Waters, R. 1964. Factors controlling the performance of cascade rectifier circuits. Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 111(5), pp. 1059-1067. (10.1049/piee.1964.0163)
Waters, R. and Jones, R. 1964. The Impulse Breakdown Voltage and Time-Lag Characteristics of Long Gaps in Air. II. The Negative Discharge. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 256(1069), pp. 213-234. (10.1098/rsta.1964.0004)

1962

Waters, R. and Jones, R. 1962. New methods of producing high-voltage square waveforms, and their application to spark photography. Proceedings of the IEE Part A: Power Engineering 109(44), pp. 144-150. (10.1049/pi-a.1962.0089)
Waters, R. T. and Dyson, J. 1962. Optical and photographic problems in the development and use of an .f/l .0 streak camera transparent to the ultra-violet. The Journal of Photographic Science 10(2), pp. 116-128. (10.1080/00223638.1962.11736849)
Waters, R. 1962. Streak photography and other studies of the long spark in air. Presented at: Proceedings of the International Conference held at the Central Electricity Research Laboratories, Leatherhead, Surrey, England, 7th-11th May, 1962Gas Discharges and the Electricity Supply Industry. Butterworths pp. 38-53.

1961

Dyson, J., Hemmings, R. F. and Waters, R. 1961. An f/1 Streak Camera for Spark Studies in Both Ultraviolet and Visible. Journal of the SMPTE 70(9), pp. 725-730. (10.5594/J09385)

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