Developing new MRI methods for quantifying tissue structure at the microscopic scale

This project assembles engineers, physicists, mathematicians and computer scientists to develop new MRI methods for quantifying tissue structure at the microscopic scale.

The principal approach looks at how fine tissue structure impedes the movement of water.

Current MRI hardware restricts measurement to relatively large molecular displacements and from tissue components with a relatively strong and long-lived signal.

This blurs our picture and prohibits us from quantifying important characteristics, such as individual cell dimensions, or packing of nerve fibres.

The sensitivity of MRI to smaller molecular movements and weaker signals is mainly limited by the available magnetic field gradients (controlled alterations in the field strength within the scanner).

Our research equipment

Our 3 Tesla Connectom scanner, with 300 mT/m magnetic field gradients, has ultra-strong gradients (seven times stronger than available on standard MRI scanners). This was the first system of its kind available in Europe, and the second of its kind in the world.

The scanner, part of the National Facility for In Vivo MR Imaging of Human Tissue Microstructure, was made possible through the support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and The Wolfson Foundation. Find out more about our funders.

We actively encourage applications to use the facility. Find out how to apply.

Aims

Our team has the unique combination of expertise to develop and exploit this hardware in completely new directions.

By designing new physics methods to ‘tune’ the scanner to important (otherwise invisible) signals, developing new biophysical models to explain these signals, and suppressing unwanted signals, we are able to quantify important tissue properties for the first time.

Making such a system usable poses several key engineering challenges, such as modelling of electromagnetic fields, to deal with confounds that become significant with stronger gradients, and modelling of the effects on nerves/cardiac tissue, to impose safety constraints.

Developing new methods and models

However, the current work of the consortium of applicants provides strong starting points for overcoming these challenges. Established methods for accelerating MR data acquisition will be compromised with stronger gradients, requiring development of new physics methods for fast data collection.

Once achieved, faster acquisition and access to newly-visible signal components will enable us to develop new mathematical models of microstructure incorporating finer length-scales to increase understanding of tissue structure in health and disease, and to make testable predictions on important biophysical parameters such as nerve conduction velocities in the brain.

Improving patient outcomes

This will result in earlier and more accurate diagnoses, more specific and better-targeted therapy, improved treatment monitoring, and overall improved patient outcome.

The ultimate goal is to develop the imaging software that brings this hardware to mass availability, in turn enabling a new generation of mainstream microstructure imaging and macrostructural connectivity mapping techniques to translate to frontline practice.

Principal investigators

The team of principal investigators is:

• Professor Derek Jones (Cardiff University)
• Dr Flavio Dell’Acqua (Kings College London)
• Professor Daniel Alexander (University College London)
• Professor Richard Bowtell (University of Nottingham)
• Professor Mara Cercignani (University of Sussex)
• Professor Karla Miller (University of Oxford)
• Professor Geoff Parker (University of Manchester)
• Professor Krish Singh (Cardiff University)
• Professor Richard Wise (Cardiff University)